2. Is there a relation between cardiac output and PETCO₂?

Detail

3. What happens to PETCO₂ when there is pneumothorax?

Detail

4. Does end-tidal PCO₂ reflect arterial PCO₂ during anesthesia using LMA in healthy subjects?

Detail

5. The author is frequently called into operating rooms to determine the cause of abnormal capnogram as shown below?

Air leaks in the sampling tubes can result in capnograms as shown above.

The following capnogram ("tail up" ) can also occur during air leak as a result of accidentally crushed sampling tube.

6. What are the various components of a time capnogram?

A terminology based on logic and convention was suggested several years ago to represent various components of a time capnogram which is now being adapted by several authors. This can be also found in the latest edition of Nunn's Respiratory Physiology.

Detail

7. This is another capnogram which may not be an infrequent occurrence.

Can you identify?

Detail

8. How does inhalational agents affect carbon dioxide measurements?

Detail     Opens a new window. Close to return back

9. What is the relationship between alveolar dead space and (a-ET)PCO₂?

Detail    Opens a new window. Close to return back

10. How does (a-ET)co₂ change on OLV ?

Detail  Opens a new window. Close to return back

11. Does end-tidal Pco₂ predict Paco₂ during laparoscopic surgery?

Detail

12. What is arterial to end-tidal Pco₂ difference in pregnant subjects undergoing laparoscopic surgery?

Detail